How the Engine Lubrication System Works?

The engine lubrication system plays a critical role in reducing friction and dissipating heat within internal combustion engines. Let’s take a closer look at how this system operates step by step.

The Role of Lubrication

Friction between moving parts in an engine causes wear and overheating. A lubrication system delivers oil to reduce friction and remove heat. Key components, such as the crankshaft and camshaft, are fed with lubricant under pressure, while others rely on gravity and splash feeds.

Proper lubrication also ensures the smooth functioning of belts and other components. For example, high-quality belts like the Cummins engine belt are integral to maintaining engine performance.

How the Lubrication Cycle Works

When the engine is filled with motor oil, the oil drains into the oil sump via dedicated channels, such as the timing drive cavity. The sump stores the oil, which is drawn by the oil pump when the engine starts. A dipstick attached to the sump allows for monitoring the oil level.

Component	Function
Oil Pump	Draws oil and creates pressure for lubrication.
Pressure Relief Valve	Prevents excessive pressure by releasing oil when the limit is exceeded.
Oil Filter	Removes impurities from the oil.

Oil Flow in the Engine

Pressurized oil flows from the pump into the cylinder block’s oil gallery after passing through the filter. It lubricates the crankshaft’s main journals and bearings, reducing friction. The oil then travels through the crankshaft channels to lubricate rod journals and connecting rod bearings.

As the crankshaft rotates, oil is sprayed throughout the crankcase, lubricating the cylinder walls, pistons, piston pins, and the timing drive. This process also creates oil mist, which contributes to lubrication.

Advanced Features and Safety

Modern lubrication systems include pressure sensors to monitor oil pressure. These sensors can be located downstream of the filter or at the end of the oil gallery. If pressure drops, a warning light illuminates on the dashboard.

For better lubrication and cooling, advanced systems may include oil jet nozzles or extra oil passages. To prevent oil leaks, components like oil control rings and valve stem seals are used effectively.

Importance of Maintenance

Regular maintenance is crucial for lubrication systems. Oil filters should be replaced during every oil change to ensure impurities do not clog the system. Additionally, oil must be changed periodically to prevent contamination that could degrade its quality.

For reliable servicing, consider consulting a trusted Cummins dealer for genuine parts and expert advice to maintain optimal engine performance.

Optional Systems and Enhancements

Lubrication is essential for optional systems like turbochargers, and it also supports control functions such as hydraulic lash adjusters and variable valve timing systems. Cooling radiators may also be integrated into the system for better thermal management.